// Double-subscripted array manipulations.
#include <stdio.h>
#define STUDENTS 3
#define EXAMS 4
// function prototypes
int minimum( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests );
int maximum( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests );
double average( const int setOfGrades[], size_t tests );
void printArray( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests );
// function main begins program execution
int main( void )
{
size_t student; // student counter
// initialize student grades for three students (rows)
int studentGrades[ STUDENTS ][ EXAMS ] =
{ { 77, 68, 86, 73 },
{ 96, 87, 89, 78 },
{ 70, 90, 86, 81 } };
// output array studentGrades
puts( "The array is:" );
printArray( studentGrades, STUDENTS, EXAMS );
// determine smallest and largest grade values
printf( "\n\nLowest grade: %d\nHighest grade: %d\n",
minimum( studentGrades, STUDENTS, EXAMS ),
maximum( studentGrades, STUDENTS, EXAMS ) );
// calculate average grade for each student
for ( student = 0; student < STUDENTS; ++student ) {
printf( "The average grade for student %u is %.2f\n",
student, average( studentGrades[ student ], EXAMS ) );
} // end for
} // end main
// Find the minimum grade
int minimum( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests )
{
size_t i; // student counter
size_t j; // exam counter
int lowGrade = 100; // initialize to highest possible grade
// loop through rows of grades
for ( i = 0; i < pupils; ++i ) {
// loop through columns of grades
for ( j = 0; j < tests; ++j ) {
if ( grades[ i ][ j ] < lowGrade ) {
lowGrade = grades[ i ][ j ];
} // end if
} // end inner for
} // end outer for
return lowGrade; // return minimum grade
} // end function minimum
// Find the maximum grade
int maximum( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests )
{
size_t i; // student counter
size_t j; // exam counter
int highGrade = 0; // initialize to lowest possible grade
// loop through rows of grades
for ( i = 0; i < pupils; ++i ) {
// loop through columns of grades
for ( j = 0; j < tests; ++j ) {
if ( grades[ i ][ j ] > highGrade ) {
highGrade = grades[ i ][ j ];
} // end if
} // end inner for
} // end outer for
return highGrade; // return maximum grade
} // end function maximum
// Determine the average grade for a particular student
double average( const int setOfGrades[], size_t tests )
{
size_t i; // exam counter
int total = 0; // sum of test grades
// total all grades for one student
for ( i = 0; i < tests; ++i ) {
total += setOfGrades[ i ];
} // end for
return ( double ) total / tests; // average
} // end function average
// Print the array
void printArray( int grades[][ EXAMS ], size_t pupils, size_t tests )
{
size_t i; // student counter
size_t j; // exam counter
// output column heads
printf( "%s", " [0] [1] [2] [3]" );
// output grades in tabular format
for ( i = 0; i < pupils; ++i ) {
// output label for row
printf( "\nstudentGrades[%d] ", i );
// output grades for one student
for ( j = 0; j < tests; ++j ) {
printf( "%-5d", grades[ i ][ j ] );
} // end inner for
} // end outer for
} // end function printArray
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